with的用法

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with的用法

with的用法
更新时间:2021-10-05
with的用法

  with词义

  1.和……一起;由……陪同;有……在场

  Would you like to go to the theatre with us?

  你愿意和我们一齐去剧院看戏吗?

  The money is on the table with the shopping list.

  钱和购物清单都在桌子上呢。

  2.随着

  With time passing by, they have grown into big boys and girls.

  随着时光的流逝,他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。

  The shadows lengtheded with the approach of sunset.

  随着太阳下落,影子也逐渐伸长。

  3.用(表示使用工具或器具)

  It is easy to translate with a dictionary.

  借助字典进行翻译就会很容易。

  You can see it with a microscope.

  用显微镜就能看见它了。

  4.带有(能够作定语,也能够表伴随)

  We need a person with a knowledge of European markets.

  我们需要一个熟悉欧洲市场的人。

  He looked at her with a hurt expression.

  他带着受伤的神情看着她。

  5.因为;由于

  The small child trembled with fear.

  这小孩吓得直打哆嗦。

  It is very stuffy in the room, with all the windows closed.

  由于窗户都关着,屋子里十分闷。

  6.尽管

  With all her faults he still loves her.

  尽管她有那么多缺点,可他仍然爱着她。[由Www.QunZou.Com整理]

  7.用以表示方式、情景、环境或条件

  I'll do it with pleasure.

  我很高兴做这件事。

  She fell asleep with the light on.

  她开着灯睡着了。

  辨析

  1.and 和with

  两者都有“和”的意思。and是连词,with是介词。当and连接两个主语时,谓语动词必须是复数;而with要看“真正主语”的单复数,也就是with前方的名词。如:

  Tom and his mother often _________(go) shopping on weekends.

  Tom with his mother often _________(go) shopping on weekends.

  and连接两个主语,Tom和妈妈,两个人肯定是复数,所以要用动词原形go; with 要看前方的主语,是Tom一个人,所以要用单数goes

  2.as和with

  两者都有“因为”“随着”的意思。不管什么意思,两者的核心区别就在于:as要接从句;with只接短语

  With our teacher ing, the class bee silent.

  As our teacher es, the class bee silent.

  with结构的构成

  它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词能够是此刻分词,也能够是过去分词。

  With结构构成方式如下:

  1. with或without-名词代词+形容词;

  2. with或without-名词代词+副词;

  3. with或without-名词代词+介词短语;

  4. with或without-名词代词 +动词不定式;

  5. with或without-名词代词 +分词。

  下头分别举例:

  1.with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语

  She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.

  2.with+名词+副词,作时光状语

  With the meal over , we all went home.

  3.with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语

  The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

  4.with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语

  He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.

  5.without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语

  He could not finish it without me to help him.

  6.with+名词+此刻分词,作伴随状语

  She fell asleep with the light burning.

  with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮忙同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。

  with结构的用法

  with是介词,其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮忙大家理清头绪,以教材中的句子为例,进行分类,并配以简单的解释。在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情景、时光、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

  1. 带着,牵着…… (表动作特征)。如:

  Run with the kite like this.

  2. 附加、附带着……(表事物特征)。如:

  A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.

  3. 和…… (某人)一齐。

  (1)跟某人一齐(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈……) 。如:

  Now I am in China with my parents.

  Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.

  He  She's talking with a friend.

  (2)跟go, e 连用,有 "加入"到某方的意思。如:

  Do you want to e with me?

  4. 和play一齐构成短语动词play with 意为"玩耍……,玩弄……" 。如:

  Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.

  5. 与help 一齐构成 help...with...句式,意为"帮忙 (某人) 做 (某事)"。如:

  On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with theirEnglish.

  6. 表示面部神情,有“含着……,带着……” 。如:

  "I'm late for school," said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.

  7. 表示 "用……"。 如:

  What do the farmers do with your machines?

  8. 表示 "对……, 关于……"。如:

  There's something wrong with my puter.

  with结构的特点

  1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。

  复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,能够用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。如:

  With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.→(He was taken good care of.)

  She fell asleep with thelight burning. →(The light was burning.)

  With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)

  2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。如:

  He could not finish it without me to helphim.

  几点重要考点说明

  1. with结构在句子中的位置:

  (1)with 结构在句中作状语,表示时光、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;

  (2)表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开;

  (3)若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。

  2. with结构作状语时,不定式、此刻分词、和过去分词的区别:

  在with结构中,不定式、此刻分词作宾补,表示主动,可是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而此刻分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。如:

   With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路)

  With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)

  He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)

  3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别:

  (1)with结构具有上述功能和特点,而"介词with+名词或代词(组)"组成的一般的with短语在句子中能够作定语和状语;

  (2)作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时光、伴随和条件;

  (3)在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

  4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系:

  (1)with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;

  (2)而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构能够作定语,独立主格结构则不能;

  (3)独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也能够作主语,而with结构则不能;

  (4)独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。如:

  There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.("with+复合宾语"结构,在句中作定语)

  A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+此刻分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语)

  The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)

  Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情景)

  with和and的用法区别

  with

  ①是介词,后边带名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词作宾语,with sb. sth.

  ②单数名词作主语带with时,谓语动词仍然是单数,如:

  LiPing with Tom often goes to the park.

  ③它的汉意是:“和…一齐,跟…一齐”“和…,跟…”“在…一边,与…一致”“拥护…”“具有、带有”“在…身上”表示使用工具.

  and

  ①是并列连词,并列同类的词或表示对称关系,并列词与词、词组与词组、句子与句子.

  ②两个单数名词用and连接作主语时,谓语动词用复数.

  LiPing and Tom are students.

  并列两个不可数名词(指不是同一种事物时),谓语动词用复数.

  Air and water are important to us.

  ③它的汉意 和、与、及、同、又、并; 强调连续反复

  talk and talk

  连两比较级意为越来越.

  More and morewith①是介词,后边带名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词作宾语,with sb. sth.

  ②单数名词作主语带with时,谓语动词仍然是单数,如:

  LiPing with Tom often goes to the park.

  ③它的汉意是:“和…一齐,跟…一齐”“和…,跟…”“在…一边,与…一致”“拥护…”“具有、带有”“在…身上”表示使用工具.

  and①是并列连词,并列同类的词或表示对称关系,并列词与词、词组与词组、句子与句子.

  ②两个单数名词用and连接作主语时,谓语动词用复数.

  LiPing and Tom are students.

  并列两个不可数名词(指不是同一种事物时),谓语动词用复数.

  Air and water are important to us.

  ③它的汉意 和、与、及、同、又、并; 强调连续反复

  talk and talk

  连两比较级意为越来越.

  More and more